Ceramics are a broad category of inorganic, non-metallic
solid materials that are permanently hardened by heating (firing) at high
temperatures. They are typically
made from raw materials such as clay, earthen elements, and powders
Ceramics are generally hard and resistant to
wear. They can withstand very high temperatures, making them refractory
materials. Ceramics are chemically stable and do not react well with other materials
or corrosive environment. Most ceramics are poor conductors of
electricity and heat, functioning as insulators. A key characteristic is
that they tend to fracture before undergoing plastic deformation, resulting in
brittle behavior.
Ceramics are classified into traditional and
advanced (or engineering) ceramics, each with various use which include Bricks, tiles, pipes, and sanitary ware, Kiln linings, crucibles
for steel and glass making, and nuclear reactors, Insulators in transformers,
heating elements, and capacitors, Microphones, computer memory devices, and
other small appliances, Grinding wheels, sandpaper, and cutting tools.
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